The Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development- OPHRD reported that 3.275 million Pakistanis (1.3% of the population) left the country in the last five years. In 2023, 0.9 million persons migrated, marking the second-largest Migration since 1971.
Migrant workers face many challenges despite the opportunities migration offers. Common problems include wage theft, where workers are underpaid or unpaid, especially in sectors like construction and domestic work. They also deal with unsafe conditions, leading to workplace injuries and deaths.
Contract changes and passport seizure are common, with employers controlling workers by holding their passports and other documents. Many workers fall into debt bondage, paying high recruitment fees and getting trapped in exploitative work to repay debts. Reports from Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and the International Labour Organization highlight these abuses, especially in Gulf countries, stressing the need for urgent reforms to protect migrant workers.
Protecting migrant workers is more than a legal duty; it’s a moral responsibility. They play a vital role in boosting the economies of both their home and host countries. Safeguarding their rights is essential for fair growth. It also helps prevent exploitation and shields them from abusive practices.Unions, both in Pakistan and globally, play a key role in this effort. They offer legal support, negotiate with employers/ owner, and push for improved and better working conditions for migrant workers.
A notable example is the Building and Wood Workers’ International (BWI) during the lead-up to the 2022 Qatar World Cup. BWI successfully advocated for better living conditions, fair wages, and safer work environments for the migrant workers involved building the stadiums and infrastructure in Qatar.
Through their efforts, Global Federation BWI not only improved the lives of workers in Qatar but also set a strong example of how unions can hold governments and employers accountable for the treatment of migrant workers. BWI’s success in Qatar demonstrates how unions can achieve real gains for workers, even in places where labor rights are frequently neglected.
Saudi Arabia has become the top destination for Pakistani migrant workers, with over 1.82 million heading there, followed by the UAE with 708,268 workers, and Oman with 265,496. These numbers highlight the scale of migration and the need to protect these workers.
But beyond the statistics, each migrant’s story involves many sacrifices. When Pakistanis leave their homes for better opportunities, they leave behind dreams, loved ones and familiar lives. Their hard work supports not only their families but also Pakistan, especially during times of crisis. These remittances are lifelines and support for the nation.
These workers are true patriots, and their sacrifices deserve more than recognition they deserve protection and justice. The Pakistani government accompanied by the Global federations can ensure their rights are upheld by creating efficient systems to address their grievances abroad.
